Understanding and Using Load Diagrams: A Practical Guide

When it comes to lifting and moving loads, load diagrams are an indispensable tool. They guide you safely through the complex requirements and ensure that lifting operations are carried out safely and efficiently.

In this guide, we'll explain the basics, introduce the different types, and show you how to read and use them correctly.

What is a load diagram?

A load diagram is a visual representation that illustrates the load capacity and operating limits of a lifting device, such as a crane, forklift or aerial work platform.

This diagram provides important information about how much weight can be safely lifted depending on various parameters.

Typically, a load diagram contains information about

• boom length
  The distance over which the crane, forklift or work platform can work.
• boom angle
  The angle at which the boom is inclined to the ground.
• load weight
  Weight of the load to be lifted.

These parameters vary depending on the machine and model.

A load chart is usually included in the machine data sheet and the hoist's operating instructions. It is an important reference for machine operators as it helps them understand and comply with the machine's load limits.

Proper use and understanding of a load chart is critical to safety during lifting operations. You must ensure that the current conditions, such as boom length and angle, match the parameters specified in the chart to lift the weight safely and avoid potential hazards. It is therefore recommended that you always carefully study and follow the load chart to perform safe and efficient lifting operations.

Where can I find the load diagram?

A load diagram is often part of the machine data sheet and the operating instructions of a lifting device. It can also be found on the control panel of the machine.

Different types of load diagrams

There are several types of load charts that may vary depending on the type of lifting equipment and application. Common types include graphical and tabular load charts. Graphical load charts present the information visually, allowing for quick assessment, while tabular load charts provide detailed data in a tabular format.

How to read a load capacity diagram correctly

Properly reading a load chart starts with identifying the relevant parameters such as boom length, boom angle and load weight. In the chart, you will find lines or table entries indicating the maximum load capacity for each configuration. Care must be taken not to exceed the maximum values ​​indicated. It is also important to pay attention to footnotes and warnings, which may contain additional instructions or restrictions.

How to read a forklift load diagram correctly

A forklift load chart shows how much weight the truck can safely lift under specific conditions, taking into account factors such as lift height and load center. To properly interpret a load chart, one must first determine the maximum load capacity shown on the horizontal axis of the chart, and then track how that load capacity changes as the lift height and load center distance shown on the vertical axis change.
It is important not to exceed the limits indicated in the diagram to ensure the stability of the forklift and avoid dangerous situations.

Reading the crane load diagram correctly

A crane load chart shows what loads a crane can safely lift at different reach distances and under different conditions. First, determine the crane's maximum lifting capacity, which is usually listed at the bottom of the chart.

Then, see how that capacity changes as the boom length (shown horizontally) and boom angle (shown vertically) vary. It's important to pay attention to the specific height and reach specifications and make sure the weights being lifted are within the diagram's safety limits.

Live load diagram on display

Modern cranes and hoists are often equipped with a "Live Load Display", which represents a revolutionary improvement in the safety and efficiency of lifting operations. This feature allows the operator to read the current load data and parameters in real time on a screen or display.

The Live Load Chart not only shows the crane's current lifting capacity depending on the boom position and angle, but also takes into account dynamic factors such as wind speed and direction. This information is crucial to ensure safety during the lifting process.

The ability to monitor load data in real time allows the operator to react immediately to changes and adjust lifting operations as conditions change. This not only increases safety, but also enables more efficient use of lifting equipment and reduces unnecessary downtime.

All in all, the live load chart on the display represents a significant advancement in the world of lifting by providing the operator with accurate, real-time information that takes lifting safety and productivity to a new level.

Calculate load center distance

The load center distance is the distance from the front wheel (or pivot axis) of the forklift to the center of gravity of the load being lifted. To calculate this distance, you must follow these steps:

• Identify the center of gravity of the load:
  The center of gravity is the point where the weight of the load is evenly distributed. For symmetrical loads, the center of gravity is in the middle. For unevenly shaped loads, a more precise estimate may be necessary.
• Measure the distance:
  Once the center of gravity of the load is identified, measure the distance from the front wheel (or front pivot) of the forklift to the center of gravity of the load. This is the load center distance.
• Consider the load-bearing device:
  If a load-carrying device is used (eg fork extensions), its weight and the influence on the centre of gravity must also be taken into account. The centre of gravity of the load-carrying device shifts forward, which increases the effective load centre distance.
• Compare it with the forklift specifications:
  Each forklift has a maximum allowable load centre distance, which is specified in the operator's manual or on the truck's rating plate. Ensure that the calculated load centre distance is within these specifications to ensure the safety and stability of the forklift.

How load diagrams prevent accidents during lifting work

Suppose a telehandler is used on a construction site. The operator needs to lift a heavy load but does not check the load chart. Without considering the appropriate information about boom length, boom angle and load weight, he lifts a load that exceeds the maximum capacity of the machine.

A dangerous situation arises. The telehandler loses its balance and tips to the side: the operator and possibly other workers are in acute danger. It would have been better to stick to the load diagram.

This practical example shows how important load diagrams are. They are more than just diagrams, they are life-saving tools. Reading and using a load diagram correctly helps prevent accidents during lifting work and ensures safety in the workplace.

FAQ

What is the load centre of gravity of the forklift?

The load centre of gravity of a forklift is the point at which the weight of a load is evenly distributed. It is crucial for the stability of the forklift when lifting and moving loads. The distance of the load centre of gravity from the fork root influences the load capacity; the further away the centre of gravity is, the lower the safe load capacity of the forklift.

What is meant by the load centre distance?

The load centre distance is the distance between the back of the fork (fork root) and the centre of gravity of the load on the forks. It is an important factor for the stability and load-bearing capacity of the forklift: the greater the load centre distance, the lower the maximum load capacity, as the forklift could tip over more quickly with increasing distance.

Where is the load center of gravity on a forklift?

The load centre of gravity of a forklift truck is usually located at the centre of the load, measured from the back of the forks. In most cases it is approximately 500mm from the back of the forks, assuming the load is evenly distributed. However, the exact load centre of gravity can vary depending on the size and shape of the load and affects the stability and load capacity of the truck.