Stage V engines: What does the emissions standard mean for the construction industry?

What You Need to Know

Stage V is currently the strictest emissions standard for diesel-powered machines – and applies to all new work platforms and forklifts.Among other things, it requires diesel particulate filters and AdBlue use, which leads tohigher acquisition costs, more complex technology and more maintenance effortleads.

More and more companies are therefore opting for rental or even electric and hybrid models.They areemission-free, low-maintenance and often cheaper to operate– ideal for inner-city areas and sensitive locations. Those who continue to use diesel must prepare for strict regulations and rising operating costs.

The Stage V emissions standard has been in force since 2019 and affects all diesel-powered machines in the construction and industrial sectors.

But what does this mean specifically for companies that work with aerial work platforms , forklifts , and other construction machinery? What technical changes did the new engines bring? And how did the regulations affect their use and costs?

In this article you will learn everything you need to know – explained in a compact and understandable way.

What is the Stage V emissions standard?

Stage V is currently the strictest European emissions standard for non-road mobile machinery (NRMM). It was introduced by the EU to drastically reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM), and soot particles .

The most important innovations:

1. Particle number (PN) limits – not only particle mass counts, but also the number of soot particles emitted.
2. Diesel particulate filter (DPF) mandatory – exhaust gas aftertreatment is now required for many engine classes.
3. Applies to all engine sizes – from the smallest machines to heavy cranes and excavators.
4. Hybrid and electric technologies are on the rise – because diesel engines are becoming more complex and expensive.

The regulations apply to both new machines and retrofits for existing fleets.

Impact on work platforms & forklifts

The Stage V standard is particularly noticeable for aerial work platforms and forklifts. Diesel-powered models now require more complex exhaust emission control systems, which impacts purchase, rental, and maintenance costs.

Stage V engine: higher acquisition costs & more complex technology

Due to the requirement for exhaust aftertreatment, Stage V engines are more expensive and require:

• AdBlue additives for nitrogen oxide reduction (SCR technology).
• Diesel particulate filter (DPF) for soot separation.
• Regeneration cycles to keep the filters free of deposits.

More space, higher weight - less emissions

Aerial platforms and forklifts with Stage V engines require more space for the additional technology, resulting in larger machines and higher dead weight. This can complicate transport logistics and operation on sensitive surfaces.

Trend towards alternative drives

Since Stage V diesel machines are more expensive and require more maintenance, more and more manufacturers are turning to electric and hybrid drives . The range of emission-free models is growing, especially for scissor lifts, articulated boom lifts, and warehouse forklifts .

Impact on operations and costs

The stricter regulations have not only technical but also economic consequences.

Maintenance & operating costs increase

• AdBlue refilling becomes mandatory and incurs ongoing costs.
• Regeneration of the diesel particulate filter can lead to downtime.
• Repairs to complex exhaust gas purification systems are more expensive than for older engines.

Rent instead of buy?

Since new diesel machines are more expensive, many companies prefer to rent Stage V compliant machines rather than incur high purchase costs.

Future of the construction industry: Is diesel coming to an end soon?

Stage V is a further step toward emission-free construction sites. Experts expect that diesel in small and medium-sized machines will soon be replaced by electric, hydrogen, or hybrid drives .

The development at a glance

• Short term: Diesel remains important, but with high requirements.
• Medium term: Hybrid models gain market share.
• Long term: Electric drives are becoming established in many areas.

Some cities and construction site operators are already opting for zero-emission zones , where only electric machines are permitted.

Conclusion: What does Stage V mean to you?

The Stage V emissions standard had far-reaching consequences for the construction industry:

1. More expensive diesel engines due to exhaust aftertreatment.
2. Maintenance costs increase due to new technology.
3. Alternatives such as electric and hybrid models are becoming more attractive.
4. For many companies, renting is becoming more economically viable than buying.

Those who continue to rely on diesel must prepare for higher costs and new regulations. At the same time, Stage V opens up new opportunities for sustainable, future-proof drive systems .

Choosing the right machines is therefore becoming increasingly important – and we at BIBERGER are happy to help you find the best solution for your requirements.

About the author

Martin Biberger

Managing Director

Martin is the founder and managing director of BIBERGER Arbeitsbühnen & Forklifts.

He is responsible for thetechnical areaTogether with his team, he is responsible for thetechnical purchasingthe machines thatFurther development of the machine inventoryand the smooth operation of over 1,500 BIBERGER rental devices.

From many years of experience he knows theStrengths and weaknesses of all device classes, the possibleAreas of applicationand thetechnical possibilities– always with a view to theDevelopment of the entire industryand future innovations.