Load center simply explained – definition, meaning & practice

What You Need to Know

TheLoad center of gravityis crucial forSafety and load-bearing capacity. Standard for forklifts:500 mmIf it shifts, the load capacity drops massively – for example, a 2.5 t forklift at 600 mm can only carry~2.1 t, at 800 mm even only~1.6 t.

AlsoLifting height and attachmentsreduce the load-bearing capacity: from 4–5 m often30–40% less, with tine extension even-20 to -35%. For safety, the following applies:Pick up the load centrally, give preference to the narrow side, check the load capacity diagram– otherwise there is a risk of tipping over.

The load center of gravity is a key issue in industrial trucks. Whether it's a forklift, telehandler, or aerial work platform, it determines safety, load capacity, and stability . Understanding it helps you work more efficiently and reduce risks.

What does load center mean?

The load center of gravity is the point at which the weight of a load is evenly distributed. For industrial trucks, it is measured in millimeters from the back of the forks or the center of the vehicle. It determines whether a load can be picked up and moved safely.

Why is the load center so important?

A machine tipping over isn't just caused by excessive weight—it can also tip over if the center of gravity shifts too far forward or to the side. Load capacity only applies when the load center is defined.

Load center of gravity for forklifts

For forklift trucks, a load center of 500 mm is used as standard.

• If the center of gravity is within these 500 mm → full load capacity can be used.
• If it moves forward → load capacity drops drastically.

Example calculation

Rule of thumb: The further forward the load protrudes, the less can be lifted.

Load center of gravity for telehandlers

With telehandlers, the center of gravity moves further forward with each extension of the arm . With lateral extension or rotation (roto), it shifts further.

Understanding the load diagram

A load diagram shows how load capacity changes with height and radius.

• X-axis = projection in m
• Y-axis = load capacity in kg
• Curve = maximum load capacity depending on arm position

Load center of gravity for work platforms

For work platforms, the center of gravity primarily affects the load on the platform . People, tools, and materials must be evenly distributed. Point loads at the edges can compromise stability.

Typical errors when dealing with the load center of gravity

• Overhanging loads (pipes, plates, machine components)
• Unevenly loaded pallets or big bags
• Oblique or side view
• Wrong attachments → shift the center of gravity further

How do you calculate the load center?

Formula: Distance load center = half load depth

Example: A pallet with a depth of 1,200 mm → load center at 600 mm.

Checklist for safe handling

• ✔ Know the weight of the load
• ✔ Check dimensions & load depth
• ✔ Consider attachments
• ✔ Pull the load as close to the machine as possible
• ✔ Always observe the manufacturer’s load diagrams

Practical examples for the load center

• Forklift: 2,000 kg @ 500 mm, pallet with 600 mm center of gravity → only ~1,600 kg possible
• Telehandler: 4,000 kg @ 3 m reach, at 6 m reach only ~1,500 kg
• Work platform: Platform 230 kg load capacity → only limited use if unevenly distributed

Load center and safety

Maintaining the load center of gravity is not optional, but a key requirement for safe work . Ignoring it risks instability, damage, and accidents. Training, manufacturer's diagrams, and correct load handling are mandatory.

About the author

Martin Biberger

Managing Director

Martin is the founder and managing director of BIBERGER Arbeitsbühnen & Forklifts.

He is responsible for thetechnical areaTogether with his team, he is responsible for thetechnical purchasingthe machines thatFurther development of the machine inventoryand the smooth operation of over 1,500 BIBERGER rental devices.

From many years of experience he knows theStrengths and weaknesses of all device classes, the possibleAreas of applicationand thetechnical possibilities– always with a view to theDevelopment of the entire industryand future innovations.